Head Injuries

What are the main causes of head injuries?

-        Road traffic accidents

-        Fall from height

-        Assault

-        Any blunt trauma to the head

Are head injuries serious?

They can be. Bleeding, tearing of tissues and brain swelling can occur when the brain moves inside the skull at the time of an impact. But most people recover from head injuries and have no lasting effects.

Types of head injuries

-        A concussion is a jarring injury to the brain. A person who has a concussion usually, but not always, passes out for a short while. The person may feel dazed and may lose vision or balance for a while after the injury.

-        A brain contusion is a bruise of the brain. This means there is some bleeding in the brain, causing swelling.

-        A skull fracture is when the skull cracks. Sometimes the edges of broken skull bones cut into the brain and cause bleeding or other injury.

-        A hematoma is bleeding in the brain that collects and clots, forming a bump. A hematoma may not be apparent for a day or even as long as several weeks. So it's important to tell your doctor if someone with a head injury feels or acts oddly. Watch out for headaches, listlessness, balance problems or throwing up.

How can the doctor tell how bad the damage is?

The doctor will ask about how the injury occurred, about past medical problems, and about vomiting, seizures (fits) or problems breathing after an injury.

The injured person may need to stay in the hospital to be watched. Sometimes, tests such as a computerized tomography (CT) or a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that take pictures of the brain are needed to find out more about possible damage.

What happens after a head injury?

It's normal to have a headache and nausea, and feel dizzy right after a head injury. Other symptoms include ringing in the ears, neck pain, and feeling anxious, upset, irritable, depressed or tired.

The person who has had a head injury may also have problems concentrating, remembering things, putting thoughts together or doing more than one thing at a time.

These symptoms usually go away in a few weeks, but may go on for over a year if the injury was severe.

Will the head injury cause permanent brain damage?

This depends on how bad the injury was and how much damage it did. Most head injuries don't cause permanent damage.

What about memory loss?

It's common for someone who's had a head injury to forget the events right before, during and right after the accident. Memory of these events may never come back. Following recovery, the ability to learn and remember new things almost always returns.

Get help if you notice the following symptoms:

-        Any symptom that is getting worse, such as headaches, nausea or sleepiness

-        Nausea that doesn't go away

-        Changes in behavior, such as irritability or confusion

-        Dilated pupils (pupils that are bigger than normal) or pupils of different sizes

-        Trouble walking or speaking

-        Drainage of bloody or clear fluids from ears or nose

-        Vomiting

-        Seizures

-        Weakness or numbness in the arms or legs